Atherosclerosis ma faʻamaʻi i totonu e fesoʻotaʻi ma le cardiovascular system e masani ona maua vave.
O lenei mea ua faʻamatalaina e le mea moni e faapea, o le solia o lipid ma porotini metabolism e masani lava o se mafuaʻaga poʻo le mafuaʻaga mafuaʻaga o soʻo se cardiovascular faamai.
O le mea lea, o le amataga o faʻamaoniga o le atherosclerosis e taua tele - o se auala faigata, aua faʻasolosolo
Laasaga o atinae ma mafuaʻaga atherosclerosis
I le aterosklerosis, o loʻo i ai se faʻaputuputu o kolesterol ma vaega ole lipid i luga o le ogatotonu ma totonu o le choroid, o le faʻaiuga lea o loʻo teu ai masima kalsium i luga o alatoto o le tele ma le tele kaliber ma fesoʻotaʻiga tisu tuputupu.
O muamua faʻailoga o le aterosklerosis e aliali mai pe a poloka le alatoto e sili atu nai lo le afa.
Faailoga o le faamaʻi e faalagolago i luga o le nofoaga o afaina ai vaʻa.
E masani tuʻufaʻatasia vaega e tolu o le atinaʻeina o faʻamaʻi.
Muamua o le atinaʻeina o maʻa lapisi - muamua se faʻaaliga o le faʻamaʻi. E tulaʻi mai aʻe o se faʻaiʻuga o le macrophages ma faʻaletonu moliga sela, o lona uiga e faʻaputuputu lipid. I le aluga o taimi, o se gaʻo gaosia ua tupu, ae o lona i ai e le o lona uiga o taimi uma o se tagata maʻi atherosclerosis. E oʻo i pepe, e maitauina le gaʻo tino i totonu o vaʻa e taʻi 1-2 mm.
O le lona lua o le tuputupu aʻe o fiva faʻamau i le pito i totonu o le vaʻa. E aofia ai i esters ma kolose kristal, o se itūlū malie, ma lipid vavaega - o se mafiafia kalama. O le faʻateleina o faʻamaʻi faʻa papala e mafua ai le faʻaititia o le lumen o le alatoto. Cholesterol e sau mai le toto, faaputuputu i luga o puipui o le vaʻai.
O lona tolu - o le iai o faʻafitauli faigata - o le vaega mulimuli i le atinaʻeina o le aterosklerosis. Foliga mai ma se faʻaititia i le mafiafia o le laupepa o fusi faʻaputu itiiti ifo nai lo 65 microns, faʻapea foi ma le tulai mai o microcracks ma papala luga o lona luga. E aofia ai le faʻapipiʻi o platelet i le capsule, e mafua ai le thrombosis, stroke, heart attack ma isi pathologies e fesoʻotaʻi ma le leaga o le toto poʻo lona faʻamutaina atoa i le afaina o le alatoto.
O le faʻatulagaina o atheromatous teu e faʻamauina o se masani faiga, ae e i ai le tele o mea e ono faʻagesegese ai lalo pe faʻavave.
Pathanatomy aofia ai mafuaʻaga:
- Ituaiga ma le matua. O lenei faamaʻi e tupu i tamaloloa 3-4 taimi e sili atu nai lo fafine. E le gata i lea, o faʻailoga muamua i aliʻi e faʻaalia i le matua o le 45 tausaga, ma tamaitai - amata mai le 55 tausaga.
- Kenera E aofia ai mea e pei o le gaioiga o le tui puipuia, o le i ai o le faʻasolosolo dyslipoproteinemia ma tulaga o hormonal.
- Leaga leaga. O le sili ona lamatia mo le cardiovascular system o le ulaula O sikaleti taʻitasi e iai le tele o nicotine ma leaga tar. Oe le mafai ona ova inu i le ava malosi, e ui lava o le 100 g o le mago mumu uaina i le 'aiga o le taimi o se sili puipuia puipuia o le maualuga toto.
I se faʻaopopoga, o le mafuaʻaga o suiga faʻafitauli atonu o le i ai o le mamafa tele.
O le ova e mafua ai le tele o faʻamaʻi - aterosklerosis, maʻi suka, ma isi, ma o lea, ia manaʻomia e fetuunai le mamafa o le tino.
O ituaiga autu a le atherosclerosis
E tele ituaiga autu o faʻamaʻi.
Le sili ona taatele o le faʻavasegaina o atherosclerosis, faʻalagolago i le nofoaga o le lesion o atheromatous plaques o toto alatoto.
Ituaiga o le faamai foliga lua tutoatasi ma systemally.
O ituaiga nei o aterosklerosis e iloga:
- Atherosclerosis o le faʻamalositino o vaʻa, e masani ona faʻaalia i le fatu tiga. Ona o le faaleagaina o alatoto o le fatu, ua motusia ai le tafe o le okesene i le myocardium. O se taunuuga, o le alualu i luma o faʻataʻitaʻiga e tau atu i angina pectoris, fatu fatu, faʻamaʻi o le fatu ma tusa lava pe faʻafuaseʻi maliu fatu.
- O le aortic form o se manua o le sili ona tele alatoto i le tino - le aorta. O le faʻatupuina o kolose faʻamaʻi e aʻafia ai le galuega a totoga uma ma totoga.
- Atherosclerosis o le gaʻo ipu. Faatasi ai ma faʻailoga o le faʻamaʻi, tiga i le taimi e tui ai, o le iai o le toto i totonu o le urin, osofaiga o le puʻeina ma le mimiti e tatau ona faʻapupula. Ole atinaʻeina ole faamaʻi e aʻafia tele ai le toto maualuga ma faʻaletonu le fatu.
- Atherosclerosis o ipu cerebral. O le faiʻai o se tasi o fesoʻotaʻiga autu o le totonugalemu o faʻamaʻi, o le mea lea, o loʻo matala le okesene i lenei okeni taʻimua i ni mea mataʻutia, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le stroke poʻo le transient ischemic attack.
- Obliterating atherosclerosis o le pito i lalo ma pito i luga pito. I le amataga, e iai faʻailoga e pei ole leiloa o lauulu ile vae ma le lima, mumu o tamatamailima, tiga, vae maamora, ma isi.
- Atherosclerosis o le mesenteric arteries e fafaga totoga. O faʻamatalaga autu o le faʻamaʻi o osofaʻiga o manava toad - kolic-pei o manava tiga. O le tulaga lamatia o thrombosis o lala o le toto toto ma necrosis o le totini puipui ma mesentery.
Tusa lava poʻo le a le ituaiga o faʻamaʻi, foliga mai i fafo o atheromatous vascular lesions mafai ona aliali mai:
- xanthomas - fofo e pei o "tubercles" o loʻo i le nofoaga o soʻoga ma soʻoga;
- senile arch - le foliga mai o lanu samasama lanu i le pito o le cornea.
I le faʻaopopoga, xanthelasms mafai ona aliali mai - o le faʻatulagaina o lanu samasama i luga o le paʻu, e masani lava ona i ai i uiga leaga, o se faʻaiuga o le teuina o kolesterol ma triglycerides.
Ituaiga o Hyperlipidemia saunia e Fredrickson
Ole maualuga ole hyperipipemia o se mea leaga tele ile tulaga masani o lipids ma lipoproteins ile toto toto.
O lenei faʻamaʻi o le mafuaʻaga taua i le atinaʻeina o faʻamaʻi cardiovascular, e aofia ai atherosclerosis.
Ituaiga ma faʻatatau i taimi | Faailoilo | Lipid e mafua ai hyperlipidemia | Peraimeri hyperlipidemia | Maualuga hyperlipidemia |
І (1%) | Maimoa o lipoprotein lipase (LPLase), hyperchilomicronemia | Tele lava triglycerides | Genetic LPL faaletonu | Ole atinaʻe ole pancreatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ole maʻi suka |
Ii (10%) | LDL maualuga | Cholesterol | Aiga o le hypercholesterolemia | Le tulai mai o nephrosis, hypothyroidism, matuia porphyria, idiopathic hypercalcemia |
IIb (40%) | Maualuga maualuga o LDL ma VLDL | Cholesterol ma triglycerides | Aiga o le hypercholesterolemia ma le hyperlipidemia | O le atinaʻeina o le maʻi suka, nephrotic syndrome |
III (1%) | Maualuga STD | Cholesterol ma triglycerides | Aiga ole dysbetalipoproteinemia | O le i ai o hypothyroidism, dysglobulinemia, maʻi suka |
IV (45%) | Faateleina VLDL Mautinoa | Triglycerides | Aiga hypertriglyceridemia, faʻapea foʻi tuʻufaʻatasia ma familial hyperlipidemia | Ole foliga ole SLE, o fatugaʻo e faʻaletonu, maʻi suka, mimita nephrotic, glycogenosis |
V (5%) | Maualuga maualuga o VLDLP ma chylomicrons | Tele tele kolose ma triglycerides | Aiga hypertriglyceridemia, tuʻu faʻatasia ma familial hyperlipidemia | Ole faʻatulaʻia ole maʻi suka, glycogenosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, dysglobulinemia |
Hiperkolesterolemia - Faʻamaʻi Faʻamaʻi
Hypercholesterolemia i se uiga o se faʻamaʻi lea e le o se faʻamaʻi. Nai lo lena, o se mea e moʻomia mo le atinaʻeina o nisi auala.
Ole hypercholesterolemia e iloga ile maualuga ole kolose ole plasma. Laasaga muamua ma le tulaga lua o lenei faʻailoga ua iloga.
Peraimeri hypercholesterolemia vaevaeina i ni ituaiga:
- Aiga I le fatu o lona atinaʻe o se faʻaletonu i le faʻatinoina o LDL talini. E le gata i lea, o homozygotes e matauina i le faʻafiafia o le 1 i le 1 miliona. I tagata mamaʻi, o le maualuga o le kulukolini mai le 15 i le 31 mmol / L. I le tele o tulaga, o le faʻamaʻi o le fatu ua tupu i le 20 tausaga.
- Polygenic. E aliali mai o se mea e mafua mai i le le lelei o le masani ai o meaʻai poʻo le maʻi suka e faʻatatau i le talaaga o vaʻaiga. Ole faʻatonuina ole kolose i le toto plasma e amata mai le 6 i le 8 mmol / L. I tagata gasegase ma le faʻamaʻi o le fatu ua tupu i luma o le 60 tausaga.
- Aiga Tuufaatasi. Lenei vaega o atinaʻe naʻo le 1-2% o tagata.
Ole sekone ole hypercholesterolemia ose faʻamaʻi lea e oso mai ile maʻi fatu, o le maʻi suka (ituaiga I ma le II), o le hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, ate liveres, obesity, ma biliary tract penyakit.
O lenei pepa e tupu tele i taimi nai lo le muamua.
Togafitiga ma puipuiga o le faamaʻi
Atherosclerosis le mafai ona faʻamaloloina atoa, ae mafai ona taofia le tuʻuina o kolesterol plak ma le taimi faʻailoaina o ma fofo.
O ni suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa mo le masalosalo o le aterosklerosis e aofia ai le talaʻaga o fomaʻi, suʻesuʻega muamua o le gasegase, fale suesue ma metotia faʻapitoa suʻesuʻe I totonu o le tele suʻesuʻega fale suʻesuʻega, kolose atoa ma atherogenicity fuainumera ua iloga. O metotia faʻaiʻuga auga e aofia ai angiography, coronography, aortography, ultrasound o le renal arteries, resovasography ma ultrasound.
I le 80% o mataupu, vailaʻau togafitiga fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia faʻailoga o le faʻamaʻi ma puipuia faigata ogaoga. Ua faatonuina e le fomaʻi vailaʻau nei:
- Statins o sili ona lauiloa vailaʻau i le togafitiga o le atherosclerosis. La latou gaioiga e faʻatatau i le faʻaititia o le aoga o le ate i le gaosiga o kolesterol. O faʻataʻitaʻiga o ia vailaʻau o le rosuvastatin ma le atorvastatin.
- LCD sequestrants e faʻalavelaveina ai le tuufaatasia o o siama oona i le ate. O fofo aoga o Colesevelam ma Colestyramine. O le faʻaiuga o le faʻaaogaina o le sequestrants LCD, ua faʻateleina le faʻaaogaina o le gaʻo ina ia mautinoa se faʻasologa masani o faʻamalositino.
- Fibrates o vailaʻau e faʻaumatia triglycerides, ma faʻamautuina le lipid metabolism. I le fale talavai e mafai ona faʻatau, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, Trikor poʻo Atromid.
- Niacin o se vailaʻau e tele sona sao i le togafitia o le aterosklerosis. E maua mai ai le antispasmodic ma le vasodilator aafiaga, ae e le i faʻatamaʻia le kolose. O vailaʻau o loʻo iai le nicotinic acid o loʻo taofia ai le mali suka, faʻamaʻi o le pilepae ma le ate.
I tulaga muamua, o togafitiga e faʻatonuina. Angioplasty o loʻo taua i metotia invasive, ma vascular prosthetics ma shunting ua taʻua i sili invasive metotia.
Mo le togafitia ma le puipuia o le aterosklerosis, e tatau ona matauina taumafa faʻapitoa. E sili le mulimuli i se meaʻai maualalo gaʻo ma maualuga kolose. E le aofia ai le taumafaina o ia oloa:
- gaʻo gaʻo ma iʻa o loʻo i ai;
- sukalati, muffin, pastries ma falaoa papae;
- piko, piko ma ulaula ulaula;
- oloa gaʻo susu;
- faigofie meaʻai, meaʻai vave, trans fat;
- malosi kofe ma uliuli ti, soda.
Nai lo o lea, o le meaʻai e faʻamalosia i le maualalo o gaʻo ituaiga o aano o manu ma iʻa, laʻau, fualaʻau ma fualaʻau, meaʻai maualalo gaʻo meaʻai lactic acid, uli uliuli ma isi cereals.
O le aafiaga o atherosclerosis i totoga i totonu o loʻo faʻamatalaina i totonu o le vitio i lenei tusitusiga.